History
The history of the Baranovichi district People have settled in the fertile lands of the present Baranovichi district since ancient times, as evidenced by archaeological finds from the Neolithic, Stone and Bronze Ages. At the turn of the Ancient (Paleolithic) and Middle (Mesolithic) Stone Ages, the first groups of primitive hunters appeared. People moved from place to place following their prey. On the eastern outskirts of the village of Dobry Bor, on the southern slopes of high sandy hills, thick silicon plates, flakes, and fragments are occasionally found. This is sometimes found on the shores of Lake Koldychevsky. This is the testimony of the first people here. Six millennia ago, a new period of the Stone Age began-the Neolithic. In the Neolithic, the shores of the Schara were much more densely populated. The number of parking lots has increased, and their boundaries have expanded. There are especially many Neolithic settlements between the villages of Dobry Bor and Podgornaya. The most significant and interesting site was found in the 50s of this century by archaeologist A. G. Mitrofanov 2.5 km south-east of the village. Good Forest. The monument covers an area of about 3,500 square meters, which the locals call the town. During the excavations, richer archaeological material was collected, which makes it possible to trace the development of the culture of local residents throughout the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age, which began at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The material in the parking lot is represented almost exclusively by fragments of pottery and silicon products. At the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC, the Bronze Age began. In the layers of the Bronze Age sites near Koldychevsky Lake, the villages of Kolbovichi, Dobri Bor, and Podgornaya, there are retouched triangular arrowheads with spikes, long leaf-shaped spearheads, and knives. Stone maces, which were weapons and a sign of ancestral or tribal authority, are much less common, but they are also known in the Baranovichi region.It was only a matter of time before the next discovery was iron mining. The raw material was marsh ore. There are many of them in Belarus and in the territory of the Baranovichi district. In order to protect property, settlements began to be fortified, often turning them into hillforts. However, there are few such fortifications on the Baranovichi land. The most famous one is located near the town of Gorodishche in the north of the district.The first mention of settlements and events related to these mentions In the 16th century, 140 new settlements appeared in Belarus, of which 9 in the territory now occupied by the Baranovichi district: Gorodishche, Galynka, Ishkold, Kroshin, Molchad, Mouse, Polonka, Pochapovo, Stalovichi. As a rule, all settlements arose on the sites of previously existing feudal courts, which were the centers of large feudal estates or a complex of estates. The main reason for the emergence of settlements was the growth of large land ownership, which led to the evolution of forms of feudal rent and an increase in its monetary share. Almost all the settlements of the Baranovichi region arose in the immediate vicinity of the feudal lord's courts.On August 1, 1422, the headman of Molchad issued a document to support the activities of the Church of the Holy Trinity, the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul and the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The property was later transferred to church officials. August 1, 1422 is the first exact date that gives us the right to say that the Silence was founded in 1422. One of the first settlements that arose on the territory of our region can be considered Kroshin. The privileges for its creation were granted at the turn of the XV – XVI century. the owner of Kroshin Dmitry Putyata (? – 1505). In 1551, the owner of the Settlement, Jan Nemirovich, was granted a privilege that allowed him to build a castle in the Settlement, plant the city, have trade and inns. Prince Alexander Czartoryski was granted a privilege in 1561, which allowed him to organize trade in Stalovichi. By a letter of 1558, Grand Duke Zhigimont Augustus allowed Prince Roman Fedorovich Sangushik to establish a settlement in his Polonka estate. Among the numerous historical events that took place on the territory of the Baranovichi district, one of the most significant, but almost unknown, was the Battle of Polonka. It occurred on June 28, 1660, during the war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Muscovite state in 1654-1667. In the XIV-XV centuries, there was an increase in private land ownership, which was carried out in various ways: donations, purchase and sale, etc.The Principality of Novogrudok became part of the Grand ducal domain in 1394. Therefore, it is these lands that the grand dukes transfer to different categories of feudal lords. In 1428, Grand Duke Vytautas presented his wife Ulyana with the Principality of Novogrudok as a financial security. This donation included the courtyards of Polonka and Pochapovo in the territory of the modern Baranovichi district. The same Vytautas presented Nemir Razonovich with the Stolovichi estate, which was confirmed by a letter of credence in 1449.It is likely that under Vytautas, the villages of Ishkolod and Tuganovichi belonged to the Polotsk elder Jan Nemirovich.The first half of the 17th century was characterized by the further strengthening of feudal-serf relations in the agriculture of the Baranovichi district.The largest enterprise of the second half of the XVIII century in Belarus was the Belarusian Glass Manufactory. It was created on the basis of a feudal estate, which means it had all the features of a feudal mode of production. The Mouse manufactory operated for 45 years. in 1780, 100 people worked here.The Baranovichi Region is the birthplace of the world–famous poet Adam Mickiewicz, whose ancestral home is in Zaosye is now a museum. From 1841 to 1917, the territory of the modern Baranavichi District was part of two provinces of the Northwestern Territory, as Belarus was called when the use of the term "Belarus" was prohibited. The settlements of the district were part of Gorodishchenskaya, Stolovichskaya, Novomyshskaya, Pochapovskaya, Chernikhovskaya, Yastrembelskaya volosts of Novogrudsky district and Dobromyslenskaya, Lyushnevskaya and Shilovichi volosts of Slonimsky district. The Baranovichi district became the scene of a historic battle between K. Kalinovsky's rebels and the tsarist troops, which took place near the village of Milovida on May 22, 1863 (June 3, Old style). Today, three monuments have been erected at this place (Brest highway 1.5 km from the village of Milovida): a memorial chapel made in the neoclassical style (1930-1933), an obelisk with an Orthodox cross (1913) and a boulder stone with a commemorative plaque erected in honor of the 130th anniversary of the Battle of Milovida (1993).
On February 2-3, 1919, the First Congress of Soviets of Deputies of Belarus defined the administrative division of the republic. Among others, the Baranovichi district (povet) was formed as part of the Minsk province. However, during the Soviet-Polish war, power in the region changed hands more than once. In March 1921, as a result of the Riga Peace Treaty, these lands were ceded to Poland, and Baranovichi became the center of the Nesvizh Voivodeship.A new page in history began on September 17, 1939. The Soviet government created local authorities in the villages – peasant committees. In 1939, the first state farm "Volno-Chernikhovo" was established in the area. January 5, 1940 is a significant date in the history of the region. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR, a new administrative division was introduced: the Baranovichi region was formed, and the Novomyshsky and Gorodishchensky districts entered it. Collectivization immediately began on their territory. During 1940- 1941, collective farms were established: named after Lenin in the village of Zverovshchyna, named after Molotov in the village of Svirany, Novaya Zhizn in the village of Tratsevichi, Krasny Partizan in the village of Vysadovichi, "May 1st" in Polonka village, "Bolshevik" in Podleseyki, "September 17th" in Ivankovichi, named after Chapaev in Polonechka village, "Krasny Plowman" in Drogobyl and others have a total of 19 collective farms. Schools were opened in the villages, and mass cultural and educational work was underway. In the post-war period (1944-1957), there was no district with that name. Where the borders of the Baranovichi district are defined today, there were then two administrative districts: Novomyshsky and Gorodishchensky, and another part of Bytensky. The Baranovichi district was formed in 1957 as a result of the reorganization of Novomyshsky. In 1962, its territory was enlarged due to the liquidated Gorodishchensky district.The post-war fate of the Baranovichi region was difficult. He, like other districts, suffered heavy losses, both human and material. Behind the dry statistics of the figures are human destinies, and behind them are the tears, suffering, and despair of widows and children.The main part of the surviving population of the district consisted of women, teenagers and elderly infirm people. Many of them lived in dugouts, barns and other temporary buildings. In June 1945, the Government of the Republic adopted a resolution on the construction of the Kolpenica peat enterprise in order to create a fuel base near Baranovichi. At this time, the Gorodishchenskaya and Novomyshskaya machine tractor stations began operating. In 1946, the first post-war five-year plan was adopted. His main task for 1946-1950 was to restore the economy plundered by the war and the pre-war level of socio-economic life of people. During the same period, the biggest socio-political and socio-economic event of the Soviet government in Western Belarus took place - the collectivization of agriculture. In 1951, complete collectivization began. Its result was the creation of 70 collective farms. In the early 1990s, there were 1,898 tractors, 474 combine harvesters, 1,272 cars and a large number of various agricultural machinery in the collective farms and state farms of the district. The guarantor and foundation of these achievements was the powerful material and technical base of collective farms and state farms.
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